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What does a pictograph illustrate?

  1. Comparison of quantities using symbols

  2. Numerical data only

  3. Changes over time

  4. Relational data

The correct answer is: Comparison of quantities using symbols

A pictograph illustrates the comparison of quantities using symbols. By representing different amounts with images or symbols, pictographs visually communicate the relative sizes of different categories or groups. For example, if a pictograph uses apples to represent the number of fruits sold, one apple could symbolize a specific quantity, making it easy to compare how many apples were sold versus oranges or bananas by simply counting the symbols. Other options focus on aspects that pictographs do not capture. Numerical data only refers to raw numbers without any visual representation, which is not the case with pictographs. Changes over time typically involve graphs charting data variations across different points, which is also not depicted in pictographs. Lastly, relational data might suggest a comparative look at different relationships or correlations, something that pictographs may not effectively convey in the same way as other data visualization formats.