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What is a belief or opinion in opposition to certain established beliefs called?

  1. heresy

  2. dissent

  3. consensus

  4. agreement

The correct answer is: dissent

The correct term for a belief or opinion that stands in opposition to established beliefs is "heresy." This term often carries historical and religious connotations, referring specifically to ideas that challenge the doctrines of a particular faith or institution. Dissent, while related, usually implies a disagreement or refusal to accept a particular point of view without the necessity of being in direct opposition to established beliefs. Consensus and agreement both refer to a state of mutual understanding or approval, which is not applicable in the context of opposing established beliefs. Therefore, recognizing heresy as the precise term captures the essence of opposition to established doctrines more clearly than the other concepts provided.